Molybdenum is derived from the Greek word “molybdos” which means “lead like”. Molybdenum is used as a pure metal, an alloy additive, a lubricant, a catalyst, and in a number of chemical compounds. Its main application is that of a versatile and cost effective alloying element. It is added as a Molybdenum oxide or as an alloy with iron – ferromolybdenum. These alloys enhance strength, hardness, weldability, toughness, elevated temperature strength and corrosion resistance of steel.

A number of molybdenum minerals have been identified, but only one is considered to be commercially viable – molybdenite (MoS2). Molybdenite occurs as a primary sulphide, often associated with other metal sulphide minerals, in particular copper. China, the USA and Chile are the world’s major molybdenum producers.

Due to its unique properties, there are currently few substitutes for the metal. Potential substitutes for molybdenum include chromium, vanadium, columbium, and boron in alloy steels; tungsten in tool steels; graphite, tungsten, and tantalum for refractory materials in high-temperature electric furnaces.